TM0001
DARPA
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
The central research and development organization for the Department of Defense (USA)
http://www.darpa.mil/
D
SEMWB
TM0002
DAML
- DARPA Agent Markup Language
The DAML language is being developed as an extension to XML and the Resource Description Framework (RDF). The latest release of the language (DAML+OIL) provides a rich set of constructs with which to create ontologies and to markup information so that it is machine readable and understandable. This is DARPA's name for the US govenment funded projects which led to, among other things, OWL. The DAML site has useful pointers and registries of useful ontologies and data in RDF
http://www.daml.org/
D
SEMWB
TM0003
DAML+OIL
- Web Ontology Language
DAML+OIL is a semantic markup language for Web resources. It builds on earlier W3C standards such as RDF and RDF Schema, and extends these languages with richer modelling primitives. DAML+OIL provides modelling primitives commonly found in frame-based languages. DAML+OIL (March 2001) extends DAML+OIL (December 2000) with values from XML Schema datatypes. The language has a clean and well defined semantics.
http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil-index
D
SEMWB
TM0004
FaCT
- Fast Classification of Terminologies
A Description Logic classier that can also be used for modal logic satisfiability testing. The FaCT system includes two reasoners, one for the logic SHF (ALC augmented with transitive roles, functional roles and a role hierarchy) and the other for the logic SHIQ (SHF augmented with inverse roles and qualified number restrictions), both of which use sound and complete tableaux algorithms. Integrated into, e.g., OilEd.
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/ horrocks/FaCT/
F
SEMWB
TM0005
KAON
- The Karlsruhe Ontology and Semantic Web Tool Suite
Builds on RDF and provides specialized tools for the SDK, engineering, discovery, management, and presentation of ontologies and metadata. KAON is currently growing to a family of tools, whose aim is to make your life in the age of the Semantic Web easier.
http://kaon.semanticweb.org/
K
SEMWB
TM0006
N3
- Notation 3
A simplified teaching language which is basically equivalent to RDF in its XML syntax, but easier to scribble when getting started. It is a quick notation for jotting down or reading RDF semantic web information, and experimenting with more advanced semantic web features.
http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer
N
SEMWB
TM0007
OiL
- Ontology Inference Layer
A proposal for a web-based representation and inference layer for ontologies, which combines the widely used modelling primitives from frame-based languages with the formal semantics and reasoning services provided by description logics. It is compatible with RDF Schema (RDFS), and includes a precise semantics for describing term meanings (and thus also for describing implied information).
http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/index.shtml
O
SEMWB
TM0008
OiLEd
A simple ontology editor which allows the user to build ontologies using OIL. The intention behind OilEd is to provide a simple, freeware editor that demonstrates the use of, and stimulates interest in, OIL. OilEd is not intended as a full ontology development environment - it will not actively support the development of large-scale ontologies, the migration and integration of ontologies, versioning, argumentation and many other activities that are involved in ontology construction. Rather, it is the "NotePad" of ontology editors, offering just enough functionality to allow users to build ontologies and to demonstrate how we can use the FaCT reasoner to check those ontologies for consistency.
http://oiled.man.ac.uk/
O
SEMWB
TM0009
OntoEdit
- Ontology Engineering Environment
Developed at the Knowledge Management Group of Karlsruhe University. OntoEdit is embedded in a client{server architecture called OntoServer that integrates a repository of ontologies, an inference and query engine and different translators. OntoServer delivers built{in general{purpose deductive reasoning facilities for ontology engineering and applications clients. Discontinued; superseded by KAON.
http://www.ontoknowledge.org/tools/ontoedit.shtml
O
SEMWB
TM0010
OntoKnowledge
a project in the Information Society Technologies (IST) Program for Research, Technology Development & Demonstration under the 5th Framework Program (EU). The On-To-Knowledge project applies ontologies to electronically available information to improve the quality of knowledge management in large and distributed organisations. One of the results of the project is the Ontology Inference Layer OIL.
http://www.ontoknowledge.org/
O
SEMWB
TM0012
RDF
- Resource Description Framework
A simple data model based on triples (subject, predicate and object), where the subject and predicate are URIs and the object is either a URI or a literal. Essential to describe the context and scope.
RDF integrates a variety of applications from library catalogs and world-wide directories to syndication and aggregation of news, software, and content to personal collections of music, photos, and events using XML as an interchange syntax. The RDF specifications provide a lightweight ontology system to support the exchange of knowledge on the Web.
http://www.w3.org/RDF/
R
SEMWB
TM0013
RDFS
- The Resource Description Framework Schema
RDFS is a general purpose language for representing information in the Web. This specification describes how to use RDF to describe RDF vocabularies. This specification also defines a basic vocabulary for this purpose, as well as conventions that can be used by Semantic Web applications to support more sophisticated RDF vocabulary description.
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/
R
SEMWB
TM0014
Protégé
Protégé-2000 is an integrated tool for ontology and knowledge-base editing. Protégé-2000 is also an open source, Java-based, extensible architecture for the creation of customized knowledge-based tools.
http://protege.stanford.edu/
P
SEMWB
TM0015
SHOE
- Simple HTML Ontology Extension
A small extension to HTML which allows web page authors to annotate their web documents with machine-readable knowledge. SHOE claims to make real intelligent agent software on the web possible. Developed by University of Maryland
http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/SHOE/
S
SEMWB
TM0016
Crosswalk
- or Metadata Mapping
Sometimes called "mappings") are used to "translate" between different metadata element sets. The element (or fields) in one metadata set are correlated with the elements of another metadata set that have the same or similar meanings. This is also sometimes called "semantic mapping".
In Dublin Core Metadata, Crosswalk is described as "A table that maps the relationships and equivalencies between two or more metadata formats. Crosswalks or metadata mapping support the ability of search engines to search effectively across heterogeneous databases, i.e. crosswalks help promote interoperability".
http://www.chin.gc.ca/English/Standards/metadata_crosswalks.html
C
SEMWB
TM0017
Thesaurus/Thesauri
Thesaurus based on concepts, and they show relationships between terms. Relationships commonly expressed in a thesaurus include hierarchy, equivalence, and associative (or related). These relationships are generally represented by the notation BT (broader term), NT (narrower term), SY (synonym), and RT (associative or related). Preferred terms for indexing and retrieval are identified. Entry terms (or non-preferred terms) point to the preferred terms that are to be used for each concept". "NKOS Taxonomy of Knowledge Organization Sources/Systems" Draft, July 31, 2000. Online.
http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/KOS_taxonomy.htm
T
SEMWB
TM0018
Reputation System
A system which takes feedback from users in the form of certifications and provides a mechanism to accumulate these and determine the quality (or reputation) of a given resource based on this feedback. A reputation system must combine at least one trust metric, and certification system.
http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/bibs/2455/24550214.htm
R
SEMWB
TM0019
Distributed Reputation System
A distributed reputation system provides the same core functionality as a reputation system with the major difference being that it is distributed and works in a P2P and decentralized fashion. It is very important to make the distinction between a distributed reputation system and a normal (non-distributed) reputation system because distributed systems are much harder to build yet provide a lot more functionality such as perspective, lack of centralized (and potentially corrupt) control, and scalability.
http://www.newsmonster.org/reputation.html
D
SEMWB
TM0020
Literal
Any value other than a URI, such as a name or a subject.
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal
L
SEMWB
TM0021
Ontology
A explicit description of objects and their relationships in specific domain context
http://www.ontology.org/main/papers/faq.html
O
SEMWB
TM0022
Post-coordinate systems
Information retrieval systems which allow the user to coordinate search terms, be they index terms which have been assigned, or words in full text. Multiple terms representing concepts may be acceptable (as is the case with the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)). It is postcoordinate because the end user selects search terms
http://www.ou.edu/cas/slis/courses/LIS5990A/slis5990/Catalog/coordination/Concepts.htm
P
SEMWB
TM0023
Relevance
calculated on the occurrence and co-occurrence of words in the text (algorithms calculated in this way are the basis of search engines, augmented by various devices borrowed from natural language processing).
http://www.ou.edu/cas/slis/courses/LIS5990A/slis5990/Catalog/coordination/Concepts.htm
R
SEMWB
TM0024
Fuzzy Searches
Fuzzy searches attempt to manage "aboutness." Fuzziness is a quest for "similar to" rather than "exact." Fuzzy searches employ algorithms that seek to identify associations based on relevance and rankings. This may done either alone or in combination with feedback from the user or with probabilistic prognostications. These result in maps of "likeness." The "more like this" searches are examples of user feedback in the selection of relevant (and sometimes pertinent) information clusters.
Fuzzy searches are often presented as graphical user interfaces (gui) which seek to demonstrate the relationships among information vectors.
http://www.ou.edu/cas/slis/courses/LIS5990A/slis5990/Catalog/coordination/Concepts.htm
F
SEMWB
TM0025
Schema
a set of statements, expressed in a data definition language, that completely describes the structure of a document or database.
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema
S
SEMWB
TM0026
Scope
the context in which a name or an occurrence is assigned to a given topic.
S
SEMWB
TM0027
Topic maps
A formal way to declare a set of topics and then to provide links to documents or sub-document nodes that address the topics.' A topic (in a topic map) has the characteristics: resources (preferably a Universal Resource Identifier [URI], similar to a Universal Resource Locator [URL], but at a more granular level); names; and relationships. Where a resource contains information that is specified as relevant to a given subject, an occurrence is identified. One or more interrelated occurrences, employing the grammar of XTM, is called a topic map. Topic maps exist apart from the document (whereas HTML tags are bound to the document).
http://www.topicmaps.org/xtm/1.0/
T
SEMWB
TM0028
Class
A set of Things; a one-parameter predicate; a unary relation.
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema
C
SEMWB
TM0029
Domain
For a Property, a class of things which any subject of the Property must be in.
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema
D
SEMWB
TM0031
Context
The relationship between a statement and a formula containing it.
C
SEMWB
TM0032
CWM
- Closed World Machine
Cwm is a general-purpose data processor for the semantic web. It is a forward chaining reasoner which can be used for querying, checking, transforming and filtering information. Its core language is RDF, extended to include rules, and it uses RDF/XML or N3 serializations as required.
Originally, the name is from from "Closed World Machine" because it processed information in a limited space, cwm does not make any assumptions about a closed world. Think of it as defined area but with openings - like a valley. Cwm is written in python.
http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/doc/cwm
C
SEMWB
TM0033
Existential Variable
A term in a language (such as N3) which stands in place of a normal symbol, allowing one to consider a formula being true for some symbol being put consistently in place of the variable.
http://www.w3.org/
E
SEMWB
TM0034
Filter
A set of rules which are used to select certain data from a larger amount of information.
http://www.w3.org/
F
SEMWB
TM0035
Formula
A set of statements, with a list of universally quanitified variables and a list of existentially quantified variables. In N3, a literal formula if representated by braces {}.
http://www.w3.org/
F
SEMWB
TM0036
Object
Of the three parts of a statement, the object is one of the two things related by the predicate. Often, it is the value of some property, such as the color of a car. See also: subject, predicate.
http://www.w3.org/
O
SEMWB
TM0037
OWL
- Ontology Web Language
The Web Ontology Language standard from W3C. Currently (2003/04) on the Recommensation track. An RDF vocabulary.
http://www.w3.org/
O
SEMWB
TM0038
Predicate
Of the three parts of a statement, the predicate, or verb, is the resource, specifically the Property, which defines what the statement means. See also: subject, object.
http://www.w3.org/
P
SEMWB
TM0039
Property
A sort of relationship between two things; a binary relation. A Property can be used as the predicate in a statement.
http://www.w3.org/
P
SEMWB
TM0040
Range
For a Property, its range is a class which any object of that Property must be in.
http://www.w3.org/
R
SEMWB
TM0041
Rule
A loose term for a Statement that an engine has been programmed to process. Different engines have different sets of rules. cwm rules are statements whose verb is log:implies.
http://www.w3.org/
R
SEMWB
TM0042
Resource
That identified by a Universal Resource Identifier (without a "#"). If the URI starts "http:", then the resource is some form of generic document.
R
SEMWB
TM0043
Statement
A subject, predicate and object which assert meaning defined by the particular predicate used.
http://www.w3.org/
S
SEMWB
TM0044
Subject
Of the three parts of a statement, the subject is one of the two things related by the predicate. Often, it indicates the thing being described, such as a car whos color and length are being given. See also: object, predicate
http://www.w3.org/
S
SEMWB
TM0045
Thing
In OWL, a generic name for anything - abstract, animate, inanimate, whatever. The class which anything is in. (In RDF parlance, confusingly, rdf:Resource.) Identified by a URI with or without a "#" in it. Tip: Saying something is a Thing doesn't tell anyone anything, which is why you don't see it much.
http://www.w3.org/
T
SEMWB
TM0046
Truth
In the log: namespace, a Class of all formulae which are true.
http://www.w3.org/
T
SEMWB
TM0047
Type
A particular property used to assert that a thing is in a certain Class. The relationship between a thing and any Class it is in.
http://www.w3.org/
T
SEMWB
TM0048
Universal variable
A term in a language (such as N3) which stands in place of a normal symbol, allowing one to consider a formula being true for any symbol being put consistently in place of the variable.
http://www.w3.org/
U
SEMWB
TM0049
URI
- Universal Resource Identifier
The way of identifying anything (including Classes, Properties or individual things of any sort). Not everything has a URI, as you can talk about something by just using its properties. But using a URI allows other documents and systems to easily reuse your information.
http://www.w3.org/
U
SEMWB
TM0050
CC/PP
- Composite Capabilities/Preferences Profile
an RDF-based framework for the management of device profile information.
http://www.w3.org/Mobile/CCPP/
C
SEMWB
TM0051
DC(MI)
- Dublin Core (Metadata Initiative)
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative is an open forum engaged in the development of interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models. DCMI's activities include consensus-driven working groups, global workshops, conferences, standards liaison, and educational efforts to promote widespread acceptance of metadata standards and practices.
http://www.dublincore.org/
D
SEMWB
TM0052
DOM
- Document Object Model
A platform- and language-neutral interface that will allow programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of documents. The document can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented page. Basis of Dynamic HTML.
http://www.w3.org/DOM/
D
SEMWB
TM0053
DTD
- Document Type Definition
The purpose of a Document Type Definition is to define the legal building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements. A DTD can be declared inline in your XML document, or as an external reference.
"In SGML or XML, a formal description of the components of a specific document or class of documents. DTDs provide a formal grammar used for machine processing (parsing) of documents expressed in SGML or XML. A DTD description includes: The containers or elements that make up the document; e.g., paragraphs, headings, list items, figures, tables, etc. The logical structure of the document; e.g., chapters containing sections, etc. Additional information associated with elements (known as attributes); e.g., identifiers, date stamps, etc. "
http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/default.asp
D
SEMWB
TM0054
HTML
- Hyper Text Markup Language
The publishing language of the World Wide Web (current version: 4.01; but see also XHTML).
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/
H
SEMWB
TM0055
HTTP
- HyperText Transfer Protocol
Probably the most important TCP/IP based protocol. The backbone of the web.
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/
H
SEMWB
TM0056
ICE
- Information and Content Exchange
An XML-based content syndication protocol: once two parties have established a subscriber relationship, ICE allows them to automate the flow of syndicated information and requests. ICE is format-agnostic: while ICE itself is expressed in XML, ICE may be used for managing content in any format. ICE is complementary to specific content formats like NITF or packaging and metadata formats like NewsML and PRISM.
Note: More heavyweight as compared to OAI-MHP.
http://www.xmlnews.org/ICE/
I
SEMWB
TM0057
IETF
- Internet Engineering Task Force
A large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual.
http://www.ietf.org/
I
SEMWB
TM0058
KIF
- Knowledge Interchange Format
A language designed for use in the interchange of knowledge among disparate computer systems (created by different programmers, at different times, in different languages, and so forth). Proposed as American National Standard.
http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html (for the proposed draft) and http://www.w3.org/2000/07/hs78/KIF.html for an RDF Schema.
http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html
K
SEMWB
TM0059
MHP
- Metadata Harvesting Protocol
Supplies an application-independent interoperability framework that can be used by a variety of communities who are engaged in publishing content on the Web. The OAI MHP results in an interoperability framework with two classes of participants:
http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html
M
SEMWB
TM0060
Data Providers
Administer systems that support the OAI protocol as a means of exposing metadata about the content in their systems
http://www.openarchives.org
D
SEMWB
TM0061
Service Providers
Issue OAI protocol requests to the systems of data providers and use the returned metadata as a basis for building value-added services.
Note: more flexible and more lightweight as compared to the Z39.50;
http://www.openarchives.org/OAI_protocol/openarchivesprotocol.html
S
SEMWB
TM0062
NITF
- News Industry Text Format
A format for textual news stories; it complements NewsML, which describes packaging and metadata. NITF borrows large parts of its structure from HTML, but adds additional element types for marking up news-specific content. Several major news providers, including the New York Times and the Associated Press, either use or intend to use NITF for their news feeds.
http://www.xmlnews.org/NITF/
N
SEMWB
TM0063
OAI
- Open Archives Initiative
Develops and promotes interoperability standards that aim to facilitate the efficient dissemination of content. The Open Archives Initiative has its roots in an effort to enhance access to e-print archives as a means of increasing the availability of scholarly communication.
http://www.openarchives.org/
O
SEMWB
TM0064
OASIS
- Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards
A non-profit, international consortium that creates interoperable industry specifications based on public standards such as XML and SGML, as well as others that are related to structured information processing.
http://www.oasis-open.org/
O
SEMWB
TM0065
PNG
- Portable Network Graphics
An extensible file format for the lossless, portable, well-compressed storage of raster images. PNG provides a patent-free replacement for GIF and can also replace many common uses of TIFF. Indexed-color, grayscale, and truecolor images are supported, plus an optional alpha channel for transparency. A W3C recommendation. See
http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/
P
SEMWB
TM0066
PRISM
- Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata
A packaging and metadata format, similar to NewsML, RSS, and XMLNews-Meta. Like RSS 1.0 and XMLNews-Meta (but not NewsML), PRISM is based on the World Wide Web Consortium's Resource Description Framework (RDF). PRISM is developed by an industry consortium of publishing software developers and publishers, including (among many others) Adobe, Quark, Conde Nast, and Time Inc.
While the PRISM web site reports an interoperability demonstration at Seybold Boston in February 2000, no PRISM software is currently known to be available.
http://www.xmlnews.org/PRISM/
P
SEMWB
TM0067
RFC
- Request For Comment
A series of notes, started in 1969, about the Internet; they discuss many aspects of computer communication, focusing on networking protocols, procedures, programs, and concepts but also including meeting notes, opinion, and sometimes humor.
The specification documents of the Internet protocol suite, as defined by the IETF are published as RFCs. Thus, the RFC publication process plays in important role in the Internet standards process;
http://www.rfc-editor.org/
R
SEMWB
TM0068
RMI
- Remote Method Invocation
Relies on JAVA; allows a program to invoke methods on an object when the object is not located on the same machine as the program; at the hard of distributed computing in the JAVA world; backbone of EJB
R
SEMWB
TM0069
RPC
- Remote Procedure Call
Lets you use standalone methods across a network; can be encoded using XML resulting in XML-RPC
R
SEMWB
TM0070
RSS
- RDF Site Summary
A lightweight multipurpose extensible metadata description and syndication format. RSS is an XML application, conforms to the W3C's RDF Specification and is extensible via XML-namespace and/or RDF based modularization.
http://www.oreillynet.com/rss/
R
SEMWB
TM0071
Semantic Web
"The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation." - Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila in http://www.scientificamerican.com/2001/0501issue/0501berners-lee.html
and http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
http://www.SemanticWeb.org/
S
SEMWB
TM0072
SGML
- Standard Generalized Markup Language
An international standard for the definition of device-independent, system-independent methods of representing texts in electronic form. (ISO 8879; but refer also to XML.)
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SGML/
S
SEMWB
TM0073
SMTP
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
E-mail is based on this. Published as RFC 821.
http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html
S
SEMWB
TM0074
SOAP
- Simple Object Access Protocol
A lightweight protocol running over HTTP and SMTP; components: Envelope, Encoding rules, Invocation part;
http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP
S
SEMWB
TM0075
SVG
- Scalable Vector Graphics
A language for describing two-dimensional vector and mixed vector/raster graphics in XML.
http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/
S
SEMWB
TM0076
UDDI
- Universal Discovery, Description, and Integration
Kind of a registry; provides a means of discovering other services and registering your service for others to discover;
http://www.uddi.org/
U
SEMWB
TM0077
URL
- Uniform Resource Locator
Loosely speaking, anything that you can type into a browsers location field to get at something
U
SEMWB
TM0078
URN
Uniform Resource Name: persistent identifiers for information resources; defined in RFC 1737;
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/urn-charter.html
U
SEMWB
TM0079
W3C
- World Wide Web Consortium
Develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential as a forum for information, commerce, communication, and collective understanding.
http://www.w3.org/
W
SEMWB
TM0080
W3C Recommendation
The de facto standards for the web. The W3C is a consensus driven global group that does not have the power to formally define or impose standards. Rather they recommend own or other developments for general usage that way typically defining de facto standards.
W
SEMWB
TM0081
Web Services
The buzz word when it comes to B2B (business-to-business) communication; hard to define precisely but generally about interoperability or web applications talking to each other; There are at least two fundamentally different appoaches: (i) traditional like doing RSS based on XML, XSL, XSLT; (ii) advanced : based on developing standards like SOAP, UDDI, and WSDL;
http://www.webservices.org
W
SEMWB
TM0082
WSDL
- Web Services Description Language
Offers a way to provide information about a discovered service (via UDDI) to allow a client to interact with it;
http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
W
SEMWB
TM0083
WSFL
- Web Services Flow Language
An XML language for the description of Web Services compositions.
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-ref7/
W
SEMWB
TM0084
XHTML
- Extensible HyperText Markup Language
A reformulation of HTML 4 as an XML 1.0 application, and three DTDs corresponding to the ones defined by HTML 4. The semantics of the elements and their attributes are defined in the W3C Recommendation for HTML 4.
http://www.w3.org/TR/html/
X
SEMWB
TM0085
XML
- eXtensible Markup Language
Universal format for structured documents and data on the Web;
http://www.w3.org/XML/
X
SEMWB
TM0086
XML Namespace
A means of associating one or more elements in an XML document with a particular URI. This effectively means that the element is identified by both its name and its namespace URI.
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/
X
SEMWB
TM0087
XMLNews
XMLNews consists of two parts: XMLNews-Story, a subset of an early version of NITF, and XMLNews-Meta, a simple metadata format based on the World Wide Web Consortium's Resource Description Framework (RDF). Several news amalgamators and providers, including Wavo and iSyndicate, use the XMLNews specifications.
http://www.xmlnews.org/
X
SEMWB
TM0088
XML-RPC
XML encoded Remote Procedure Call;
http://www.xmlrpc.com
X
SEMWB
TM0089
XML Schema
An XML based alternative to DTD. An XML schema describes the structure of an XML document. Meant to replace DTD in the future and a W3C recommendation.
http://www.w3schools.com/schema/
X
SEMWB
TM0090
XSL/XSLT
- eXtensible Stylesheet Language
Can be used to transform XML into HTML;
XSL is a language for expressing stylesheets. It consists of three parts: XSL Transformations (XSLT): a language for transforming XML documents, the XML Path Language (XPath), an expression language used by XSLT to access or refer to parts of an XML document. (XPath is also used by the XML Linking specification). The third part is XSL Formatting Objects: an XML vocabulary for specifying formatting semantics. An XSL stylesheet specifies the presentation of a class of XML documents by describing how an instance of the class is transformed into an XML document that uses the formatting vocabulary.
http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL/
X
SEMWB
TM0091
NPL
- Natural Language Processing
Taking sentences and recording its phrase structure exactly how the sentence was meant to be taken.
N
SEMWB
TM0092
Prolog
- PROgramming LOGic
Prolog rose within the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It originally became popular with AI researchers, who know more about "what" and "how" intelligent behaviour is achieved. The philosopy behind it deals with the logical and declarative aspects. Prolog represents a fundamentally new approach to computing and became a serious competitor to LISP, tool-Amzi
http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/prolog/prolog.html
P
SEMWB
TM0093
DAML-S
- DAML-based Web Service Ontology
DAML-S supplies Web service providers with a core set of markup language constructs for describing the properties and capabilities of their Web services in unambiguous, computer-interpretable form. DAML-S markup of Web services will facilitate the automation of Web service tasks including automated Web service discovery, execution, interoperation, composition and execution monitoring
http://www.daml.org/services/
D
SEMWB
TM0094
Content Management
Managing (website) contents, for instance, texts, pictures, small ads, prices.
http://chicodigital.com/contentManagement.html
C
SEMWB
TM0095
Slot
A slot is a mapping from a frame to a set of values
http://www.ai.sri.com/~gfp/spec/paper/node9.html#SECTION00320000000000000000
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TM0096
Facet
Facets are annotations on slots. Facets have values, which, like slot values, may be any Lisp data structure.
http://www.ai.sri.com/~gfp/spec/paper/node16.html#SECTION00390000000000000000
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TM0097
OMG
- Object Management Group
is an open membership, not-for-profit consortium that produces and maintains computer industry specifications for interoperable enterprise applications.
http://www.omg.org/gettingstarted/gettingstartedindex.htm
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TM0098
UML
- Unified Modeling Language
Is the Language that helps you specify, visualize, and document models of software systems, including their structure and design, in a way that meets all of these requirements. (You can use UML for business modeling and modeling of other non-software systems too.)
http://www.omg.org/gettingstarted/what_is_uml.htm
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TM0099
OntoWeb
OntoWeb is a European Union founded project about Ontology-based information exchange for knowledge management and electronic commerce.
http://ontoweb.semanticweb.org/
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TM0100
FOL
- Fist Order Logic
The branch of logic dealing with propositions in which subject and predicate are separately signified, reasoning whose validity depends on this level of articulation, and systems containing such propositions and reasoning. Also called quantification theory.
http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?predicate+logic
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TM0101
Metadata
Metadata is machine understandable information for the web. It is informational data about data itself
http://www.w3.org/Metadata/
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TM0102
F-Logic
- Frame Logic
It is a higher-Order Language for reasoning about objects, inheritances and Schema.
http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cache/papers/cs/2166/http:zSzzSzwww.informatik.uni-freiburg.dez
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TM0103
CYC
CYC® is a very large, multi-contextual knowledge base and inference engine developed by Cycorp. The goal of the CYC® project is to break the "software brittleness bottleneck" once and for all by constructing a foundation of basic "common sense" knowledge--a semantic substratum of terms, rules, and relations--that will enable a variety of knowledge-intensive products and services. CYC® is intended to provide a "deep" layer of understanding that can be used by other programs to make them more flexible. The CYC® technology includes a number of essential components:
http://www.cyc.com/tech.html
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TM0104
CSS
- Cascading Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents
http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/
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TM0105
Semantic Net
A semantic net "is a structure which is used to represent associations between objects. For each object of a given type, there is a corresponding collection of attributes which are applicable to it; some of these provide simple values, but others are found by following links in the net, which connect the object to other objects of various types".
http://www.georeferenceonline.com/LegendBurster/TestWebHelp/Introduction_to_Semantic_Nets.
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TM0106
Web-enabled Ontology of SE
A research project that is attempting to transform Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SwE BOK) to a DAML (DARPA Agent Markup Language) based ontology which will be deployed on the emerging Semantic Web.
No resource link
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TM0107
ThoughtTreasure
A web-accessible ontology system with terms in English and French. A downloadable version is also available.
http://www.signiform.com/tt/htm/tt.htm
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TM0108
FIPA
- Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents
The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) is an international organization that is dedicated to promoting the industry of intelligent agents by openly developing specifications supporting interoperability among agents and agent-based applications. This occurs through open collaboration among its member organizations, which are companies and universities that are active in the field of agents. FIPA makes the results of its activities available to all interested parties and intends to contribute its results to the appropriate formal standards bodies.
http://www.fipa.org/specs/fipa00011/XC00011B.html
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TM0109
ACL
- Agent Communication Language
The agents operating within these systems have to communicate. A first attempt to come to a standardised agent communication language (ACL) came forth from the DARPA knowledge sharing project and produced KQML. Another new effort to come to a standard ACL has started through the FIPA initiative.
-ACL KQML Agent Communication Languages
-FIPA's Agent Communication Language (ACL) FIPA ACL
No resource link
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TM0110
KQML
- Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language
KQML or the Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language is a language and protocol for exchanging information and knowledge. It is part of a larger effort, the ARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort which is aimed at developing techniques and methodology for building large-scale knowledge bases which are sharable and reusable. KQML is both a message format and a message-handling protocol to support run-time knowledge sharing among agents. KQML can be used as a language for an application program to interact with an intelligent system or for two or more intelligent systems to share knowledge in support of cooperative problem solving.
KQML focuses on an extensible set of performatives, which defines the permissible operations that agents may attempt on each other's knowledge and goal stores. The perf
http://www.cs.umbc.edu/kqml/.
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TM0111
LOOM
Loom is a language and environment for constructing intelligent applications. The heart of Loom is a knowledge representation system that is used to provide deductive support for the declarative portion of the Loom language. Declarative knowledge in Loom consists of definitions, rules, facts, and default rules. A deductive engine called a classifier utilizes forward-chaining, semantic unification and object-oriented truth maintainance technologies in order to compile the declarative knowledge into a network designed to efficiently support on-line deductive query processing.
http://www.isi.edu/isd/LOOM/LOOM-HOME.html#OVERVIEW
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TM0112
OKBC
- Open Knowledge Base Connectivity
Open Knowledge Base Connectivity (OKBC) is an application programming interface for accessing knowledge bases stored in knowledge representation systems (KRSs). OKBC is being developed under the sponsorship of DARPA's High Performance Knowledge Base program (HPKB), where it is being used as an intial protocol for the integration of various technology components.
OKBC is a successor of Generic Frame Protocol (GFP) which was primarily aimed at systems that can be viewed as frame representation systems and was jointly developed by Artificial Intelligence Center of SRI International and Knowledge Systems Laboratory of Stanford University.
http://www.ai.sri.com/~okbc/
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TM0113
XSB
XSB is a Logic Programming and Deductive Database system for Unix and Windows. It is being developed at The Computer Science Department, SUNY Stony Brook, in collaboration with Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, and Uppsala Universitet.
http://xsb.sourceforge.net
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TM0114
RACER
- Renamed ABox and Concept Expression Reasoner
RACER is a Semantic Web inference engine for
1. developing ontologies
2. query answering over RDF documents and wrt. specified RDFS/DAML ontologies
3. registering permanent queries (e.g., for building a document management system) with notification of new results if available (publish-subscribe facility)
RACER is a Description Logic reasoning system with support for
1. TBoxes with generalized concept inclusions
2. ABoxes
3. Concrete domains (e.g., linear (in-)equalities over the reals)
RACER is a prover for modal logic Km with graded modalities and axioms
http://www.fh-wedel.de/~mo/racer/index.html
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TM0115
Tomcat
Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference Implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies. The Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications are developed by Sun under the Java Community Process
http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/
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TM0116
DIG
- DL Implementors Group
The DIG interface is a specification for a simple API to DL reasoners
http://dl-web.man.ac.uk/dig/
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TM0117
Jena
- Java API for RDF
Jena is a java API for manipulating RDF models. Its features include:
1. statement centric methods for manipulating an RDF model as a set of RDF triples
2. cascading method calls for more convenient programming
3. built in support for RDF containers - bag, alt and seq
4. enhanced resources - the application can extend the behaviour of resources
5. integrated parsers (ARP and David Megginson's RDFFilter)
6. resource centric methods for manipulating an RDF model as a set of resources with properties
http://www.hpl.hp.com/semweb/jena.htm
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TM0118
DL
- Description Logics
Description logics are languages tailored for expressing knowledge about concepts and concept hierarchies. They are usually given a Tarski style declarative semantics, which allows them to be seen as sub-languages of predicate logic. One starts with primitive concepts and roles, and can use the language constructs (such as intersection, union, role quantification, etc.) to define new concepts and roles. Concepts can be considered as unary predicates which are interpreted as sets of individuals whereas roles are binary predicates which are interpreted as binary relations between individuals. The main reasoning tasks are classification and subsumption checking. Subsumption represents the is-a relation.
http://cio.fraber.de/help/description_logics.html
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